Hadji Murad (1911)
I gathered myself a large nosegay and was going home
when I noticed in a ditch, in full bloom, a
beautiful thistle plant of the crimson variety,
which in our neighborhood they call 'Tartar' and
carefully avoid when mowing -- or, if they do happen
to cut it down, throw out from among the
grass for fear of pricking their hands. Thinking
to pick this thistle and put it in the center of my
nosegay, I climbed down into the ditch, and after
driving away a velvety bumble-bee that had
penetrated deep into one of the flowers and had
there fallen sweetly asleep, I set to work to pluck
the flower. But this proved a very difficult task.
Not only did the stalk prick on every side
-- even through the handkerchief I wrapped round
my hand -- but it was so tough that I had to
struggle with it for nearly five minutes, breaking
the fibers one by one; and when I had at last
plucked it, the stalk was all frayed and the flower
itself no longer seemed so fresh and beautiful.
Moreover, owing to a coarseness and stiffness, it
did not seem in place among the delicate blossoms
of my nosegay. I threw it away feeling sorry
to have vainly destroyed a flower that looked
beautiful in its proper place.
'But what energy and tenacity! With what determination
it defended itself, and how dearly it sold
its life!' thought I, remembering the effort it
had cost me to pluck the flower. The way home led
across black-earth fields that had just been ploughed
up. I ascended the dusty path. The ploughed
field belonged to a landed proprietor and was so
large that on both sides and before me to the
top of the hill nothing was visible but evenly furrowed
and moist earth. The land was well tilled
and nowhere was there a blade of grass or any kind
of plant to be seen, it was all black. 'Ah, what
a destructive creature is man....How many different
plant-lives he destroys to support his own
existence!' thought I, involuntarily looking around
for some living thing in this lifeless black field.
In front of me to the right of the road I saw some
kind of little clump, and drawing nearer I found
it was the same kind of thistle as that which I
had vainly plucked and thrown away. This 'Tartar'
plant had three branches. One was broken and
stuck out like the stump of a mutilated arm. Each of
the other two bore a flower, once red but now blackened.
One stalk was broken, and half of it hung
down with a soiled flower at its tip. The
other, though also soiled with black mud, still stood
erect. Evidently a cartwheel had passed over
the plant but it had risen again, and that was why,
though erect, it stood twisted to one side, as if
a piece of its body had been torn from it, its bowels
drawn out, an arm torn off, and one of its eyes
plucked out. Yet it stood firm and did not surrender
to man who had destroyed all its brothers around
it....
'What vitality!' I thought. 'Man has conquered
everything and destroyed millions of plants, yet this
one won't submit.' And I remembered a Caucasian
episode of years ago, which I had partly seen
myself, partly heard of from eye-witnesses, and
in part imagined.
The episode, as it has taken shape in my memory and
imagination, was as follows.
-Hadji
Murad
Thus the famous opening on Tolstoy's short novel and here we are, some hundred years on, and the Chechens still won't submit to the Russians, though they are still being crushed underfoot...
Like most everyone who's read his terrific book The Western Canon, it was Harold Bloom who sent me scurrying to find Hadji Murad. We, all of us, take a stab at War and Peace and Anna Karenina, and many schools assign the shorter Death of Ivan Ilych as required reading. But not many of us venture beyond these narrowly circumscribed borders. Heck, the thousands of pages required just to finish his major works seems like all we should be required to stand. But then came Bloom's soaring endorsement of this minor work, and suddenly it was back into the breech.
Now, I confess, though I did like the novella and found it much easier reading, perhaps only because shorter, than his other books. But I can't fathom Bloom's statement that :
It is my personal touchstone for the sublime of prose
fiction, to me the best story in the world, or
at least the best that I have ever read.
Bloom seems particularly taken by the character of Hadji Murad, his heroic qualities, and by the "growth" he displays over the course of the tale. Indeed, he is likable in a roguish way, but he's also utterly unreliable and ultimately foolish. These are not heroic qualities in my book.
He's unreliable in the sense that his allegiances switch back and forth between the Russians and the Chechens whenever changing circumstances make the one side or the other more personally convenient. Absent is the kind of consistent political philosophy or moral matrix that makes for a great hero. And he's foolish in that he rides off to near certain death in a futile effort to rescue his family. Though appealingly sentimental, this is the suicidal gesture of an unserious person. What good does adding his death to theirs do anyone?
Tolstoy does an impressive job of detailing many of the layers of the
society of the time and of presenting both sides in the conflict.
He is generous with the Chechens, whom, as a Russian, he might be expected
to treat ill, and ungentle with the Tsar, who he might be expected to spare.
Hadji Murad, even if he does not rise to the level of archetypal hero,
is nonetheless someone we root for and who we are genuinely sorry to see
meet tragedy. All of this is more than enough to recommend the book,
without being enough to call it the greatest piece of prose in the history
of man.
(Reviewed:10-Oct-01)
Grade: (A-)
